Open+Door+Policy.+Boxer+Rebellion


 * General Impacts of Anti-Imperialism China**: //Boxer Movement//

Growing out of the anger against the scramble for concessions and the wave of imperialism, the people of Shantung, especially those belonged to the secret societies rose out of rural confines to exterminate the hated foreigners. At the beginning of the movement the aims of each Boxer member were diverse.

The movement of the Boxers portrayed Chinese nationalism in relation to it's anti-imperialist connections. The percentage of people in the movement were peasants who hated foreigners for their interference with traditions in China. Since the Boxers did not believe that the government could continue in keeping the foreigners out, it was they (the boxers) who were responsible to close china to foreigners. Historians today consider the Boxer movement as a primitive form of patriotic peasant uprising, with the right motive but the wrong methods.
 * China was divided into spheres of influences in the aftermath of the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-95), allowing outside nations even influences over the territory
 * The Boxers first leader were called Chu Hang-teng and Pen Ming supposedly descendants of the Imperial House if the Ming dynasty. After the arrest of Hang-teng and the disappearance of Pen Ming, it resulted to a significant change that enabled the Boxers to make amends with the authorities. Eventually the Boxers obtained the approval and patronage of the courts.
 * Originally, the Boxers did not see the power of the government officials to be able to repel foreign influences in China. Hence the people had to take up arms themselves. “Xenophobia was their driving force throughout"
 * Challenges to the Open Door policy would be mounted frequently in the ensuing years of the Boxer Rebellion, including the of 1900 in which Chinese nationalists resorted to armed opposition in an attempt to end foreign occupation of their country; Japanese incursions into Manchuria following the Russo-Japanese War; and the "21 Demands" levied by Japan on China in 1915.

 With the Boxer Rebellion it gave a wave out of actually dismembering the Chinese empire out of anger. John Hay issued the Second Open Door Note to the Powers in July 1900. On the assumption that China’s sovereignty was in perils. The open door policy did in reality nothing because it was not backed up with sufficient show of determination and force. Actually the Policy did nothing but create tension. The preservation of China’s territorial and administrative integrity sounded too moralistic than pragmatic. The European Powers and Japan only paid insincere support to the Open Door Notes. In effect the Open door policy was marked by a sense of American Idealism and self-benefits. The U.S worked for an independent China who's lush resources would be open to America.
 * Effect/ Impacts of the Open door policy**

Resources: __The American Nation__ by John A Garraty [] []